This blog explores the evolving concept of expropriation in India's bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and its implications for foreign investors and government regulation. It examines how India's 2016 Model BIT reshaped investor protections by granting greater regulatory space to the State while maintaining safeguards against direct and indirect expropriation. Through an analysis of landmark disputes involving Devas, Vodafone, Cairn Energy, Deutsche Telekom, and the recent revival of the Ras Al Khaimah Investment Authority mining claim, the article highlights the continuing tension between investor rights and sovereign regulatory powers. It also assesses what these developments mean for sectors such as mining, telecom, and natural resources, where government actions can significantly affect the value of foreign investments.